The development finance institutions or development finance companies are organizations owned by the government or charitable institution to provide funds for low-capital projects or where their borrowers are unable to get it from commercial lenders.Development finance institutions (DFIs) occupy an intermediary space between public aid and private investment, facilitating international capital flows.
Types of Finance provided are –
- Medium (1 – 5 years) and
- Long term ( >5 years).
This is an important topic for the IAS Exam.
The candidates can read relevant information from the links provided below:
| Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority | Non-Banking Financial Institutions |
| Reserve Bank of India | Capital Markets – Importance, Features, and Structure |
| Economic Contagion/Financial Contagion | SIDBI – Small Industries Development Bank of India |
Development Finance Institutions (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here
Objectives of Development Finance Institutions
- The prime objective of DFI is the economic development of the country
- These banks provide financial as well as the technical support to various sectors
- DFIs do not accept deposits from people
- They raise funds by borrowing funds from governments and by selling their bonds to the general public
- It also provides a guarantee to banks on behalf of companies and subscriptions to shares, debentures, etc.
- Underwriting enables firms to raise funds from the public. Underwriting a financial institution guarantees to purchase a certain percentage of shares of a company that is issuing IPO if it is not subscribed by the Public.
- They also provide technical assistance like Project Report, Viability study, and consultancy services.
Some Important DFIs (Sector Specific)
Industry
IFCI – 1st DFI in India. Industrial Corporation of India was established in 1948.
ICICI – Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited established in 1955 by an initiative of the World Bank.
- It established its subsidiary company ICICI Bank limited in 1994.
- In 2002, ICICI limited was merged into ICICI Bank Limited making it the first universal bank of the country.
Universal Bank – Any Financial institution performing the function of Commercial Bank + DFI
- It was established in the private sector and is still the Only DFI in the private sector.
IDBI – Industrial Development Bank of India was set up in 1964 under RBI and was granted autonomy in 1976
- It is responsible for ensuring adequate flow of credit to various sectors
- It was converted into a Universal Bank in 2003
IRCI – Industrial Reconstruction Corporation of India was set up in 1971.
- It was set up to revive weak units and provide financial & technical assistance.
SIDBI – Small Industries development bank of India was established in 1989.
- Was established as a subsidiary of IDBI
- It was granted autonomy in 1998
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Foreign Trade
EXIM Bank – Export-Import Bank was established in January 1982 and is the apex institution in the area of foreign trade investment.
- Provides technical assistance and loan to exporters
Agriculture Sector
NABARD – National Bank for agriculture and rural development was established in July 1982
- It was established on the recommendation of the Shivraman Committee
- It is the apex institution in the area of agriculture and rural sectors
- It functions as a refinancing institution
Housing
NHB- National Housing Bank was established in 1988.
- It is the apex institution in Housing Finance
Aspirants can also read about micro-finance at the linked article.
Frequently Asked Questions about Development Financial Institutions
Q1
What are the Development Financial Institutions in India?
India had set up extremely successful DFIs such as Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) in 1948, Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) in 1964 and Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) in 1955. IFCI and IDBI were fully-owned Government of India (GoI) enterprises.
Q2
What are the 4 types of financial institutions?
The major categories of financial institutions include central banks, retail and commercial banks, internet banks, credit unions, savings, and loans associations, investment banks, investment companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, and mortgage companies.
Development Finance Institutions (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here
Related Links:
| UPSC 2022 | UPSC Books |
| UPSC Syllabus | UPSC Notes |
| NCERT Notes For UPSC | UPSC Prelims |
| UPSC Calendar 2022 | UPSC Current Affairs |
| UPSC Monthly Current Affairs Magazine | IAS Toppers |
