Which country invests the most in R&D?
Israel and South Korea are the world's leading spenders on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). In pure dollar terms, however, the United States is consistently the largest spender on R&D.
Share of GDP spent on R&D worldwide 2021, by country
Worldwide, Israel was the country that spent the highest share of its gross domestic product (GDP) on research and development (R&D) in 2021. That year, they spent roughly 5.56 percent of their GDP on R&D.
Companies with the highest spending on research and development 2022. Amazon spent the most on research and development in the fiscal year 2022, with over 73 billion U.S. dollars. Meta, Alphabet, Apple, and Huawei rounded out the top five of companies with the highest R&D spending that year.
| Rank | Name | R&D Spend in 2022* (Billions) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amazon | $73.2 |
| 2 | Alphabet | $39.5 |
| 3 | Meta | $35.3 |
| 4 | Apple | $27.7 |
- Belgium. ...
- Spain. ...
- Netherlands. ...
- Switzerland. ...
- Italy. ...
- Canada. R&D Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP (2021): 1.69% ...
- France. R&D Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP (2021): 2.2% ...
- South Korea. R&D Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP (2021): 4.93%
The United States took the leadership position as the largest recipient of foreign direct investment in 2019 and consolidated that position in 2020, mainly driven by higher direct investments from Japan, Germany, and the Netherlands.
U.S. R&D Increased by $72 Billion in 2021 to $789 Billion; Estimate for 2022 Indicates Further Increase to $886 Billion | NSF - National Science Foundation.
The automotive sector accounts for 32% of R&D investments, followed by health (19.7%), ICT producers (14.4%) and ICT services (8%). R&D investors are also prominent in sectors such as aerospace, defence, financials, energy, chemicals and construction.
According to data from the U.S. International Trade Administration, the main investing countries in the U.S. are Japan (USD 721 billion), Canada (USD 607.2 billion), Germany (USD 498.6 billion), and the United Kingdom (USD 439 billion), with Europe as a whole accounting for USD 2.8 trillion.
Apple's total R&D expenditure for the 2023 fiscal year stands at nearly US$30 billion, a nearly 14% increase from the previous year's US$26.251 billion, and a substantial 36.5% growth compared to 2021.
Which industry has the most R&D?
- Pharmaceuticals, 17.9% of total business R&D expenditure.
- Miscellaneous business activities, including technical testing and analysis, 14.3%
- Software development, 12.8%
- Motor vehicles, 7.6%
- Research and development services, 6.4%
Some of these growing R&D expenses are undoubtedly directed at keeping the company in the lead in the smartphone arena. Since Apple integrated 5G wireless technology into its flagship iPhone during the fourth quarter of 2020, it's seen its domestic market share in smartphones surge above 50%.
The federal government has been the largest funder of academic R&D since 1953; in 2021, federal funding supported 55% of academic R&D spending.
| Country | H index | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 3051 |
| 2 | China | 1333 |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 1928 |
| 4 | Germany | 1690 |
1. United States of America. The physical sciences account for one-quarter of the United States' research in the Nature Index, and the country has held its own as the world's largest producer of high-quality articles in the field.
A few countries provided the majority of the $5 trillion in cumulative direct investment in the United States by the end of 2021. Japan was the single largest overseas investor, constituting nearly 15 percent of total cumulative foreign direct investment holdings.
Since World War II, $960 billion, or over quarter of all US foreign aid, has gone to five countries: Israel ($312.5 billion), former South Vietnam ($184.5 billion), Egypt ($183.7 billion), Afghanistan ($158.9 billion), and South Korea ($120.7 billion), after adjusting for inflation.
Warren Buffett is widely considered to be the most successful investor in history. Not only is he one of the richest men in the world, but he also has had the financial ear of numerous presidents and world leaders. When Buffett talks, world markets move based on his words.
China's R&D expenditure exceeds 3.3 trln yuan in 2023: minister. BEIJING, March 5 -- China's research and development (R&D) expenditure exceeded 3.3 trillion yuan (about 458.5 billion U.S. dollars) in 2023, an 8.1-percent year-on-year increase, Minister of Science and Technology Yin Hejun said Tuesday.
Alphabet annual research and development expenses for 2023 were $45.427B, a 15.01% increase from 2022. Alphabet annual research and development expenses for 2022 were $39.5B, a 25.15% increase from 2021.
How much does the head of R&D make in the US?
| Annual Salary | Weekly Pay | |
|---|---|---|
| Top Earners | $207,000 | $3,980 |
| 75th Percentile | $194,000 | $3,730 |
| Average | $162,707 | $3,128 |
| 25th Percentile | $135,000 | $2,596 |
Tesla's r&d expenses for fiscal years ending December 2019 to 2023 averaged 2.504 billion. Tesla's operated at median r&d expenses of 2.593 billion from fiscal years ending December 2019 to 2023. Looking back at the last 5 years, Tesla's r&d expenses peaked in December 2023 at 3.969 billion.
Research and development (R&D) spending was forecast to reach over 2.47 trillion U.S. dollars globally in 2022 (once local currencies are converted for purchasing power parity).
The ratio of U.S. research and development (R&D) to gross domestic product (GDP), at 3.40% in 2021, exceeded 3% for the first time in 2019. However, the decades between the previous peak, 1964, and recent years have witnessed notable changes in the funding sources for domestic R&D.
The main hurdle to increased inward FDI is that foreign businesses face trouble buying healthy Japanese companies. In a typical rich country, 80 percent of inward FDI takes the form of mergers and acquisitions (inbound M&A)—but in Japan, it's only 14 percent.
