Out of the five automotive manufacturers surveyed, Volkswagen was forecast to record the largest research and development costs in 2022 at some 20.9 billion U.S. dollars, followed by Toyota. Automotive research and development spending are expected to increase in 2022 and have been growing over the past years. This focus on research is propelled by automakers' race to transition from internal combustion engines to fully electric drive systems, recovery from supply chain issues, and autonomous driving development.
