2.40: Reproductive Life Cycles (2024)

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    2.40: Reproductive Life Cycles (1)

    Young to old. A life cycle?

    Not in the biological sense. Life cycles describe the amount of DNA present at a specific stage or time in the life of an organism. Is there a haploid or diploid amount of DNA? That is the key question.

    Life Cycles

    Sexual reproduction occurs in a cycle. Diploid parents produce haploid gametes that unite and develop into diploid adults, which repeat the cycle. This series of life stages and events that a sexually reproducing organism goes through is called its life cycle. Sexually reproducing organisms can have different types of life cycles. Three are represented in Figure below and described following sections.

    2.40: Reproductive Life Cycles (2)

    Life cycles can vary in sexually reproducing organisms. Three types of sexual life cycles are shown here. Do you see how they differ? The letter n indicates haploid stages of the life cycles, and 2n indicates diploid stages.

    Haploid Life Cycle

    The haploid life cycle is the simplest life cycle. It is found in many single-celled eukaryotic organisms. Organisms with a haploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as haploid gametes. When the haploid gametes fuse, they form a diploid zygote. It quickly undergoes meiosis to produce more haploid gametes that repeat the life cycle.

    Diploid Life Cycle

    Organisms with a diploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as diploid adults. When they are ready to reproduce, they undergo meiosis and produce haploid gametes. Gametes then unite in fertilization and form a diploid zygote, which immediately enters G1 of the cell cycle. Next, the zygote's DNA is replicated. Finally, the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical diploid cells. Through repeated rounds of growth and division, this organism becomes a diploid adult and the cycle continues. Can you think of an organism with a diploid life cycle? (Hint: What type of life cycle do humans have?)

    Alternation of Generations

    Plants, algae, and some protists have a life cycle that alternates between diploid and haploid phases, known as alternation of generations. In plants, the life cycle alternates between the diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte. Spore forming cells in the diploid sporophyte undergo meiosis to produce spores, a haploid reproductive cell. Spores can develop into an adult without fusing with another cell. The spores give rise to a multicellular haploid gametophyte, which produce gametes by mitosis. The gametes fuse, producing a diploid zygote, which grow into the diploid sporophyte. These life cycles may be quite complicated. You can read about them in additional concepts.

    Summary

    • A life cycle is the sequence of stages an organisms goes through from one generation to the next. Organisms that reproduce sexually can have different types of life cycles, such as haploid or diploid life cycles.

    2.40: Reproductive Life Cycles (3)

    Summary of all three life cycles.

    Explore More

    Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.

    1. What is a life cycle?
    2. Describe the basic stages of the life cycles for all organisms.
    3. Explain why butterflies have complex life cycles.

    Review

    1. What is a life cycle?
    2. An adult organism produces gametes that quickly go through fertilization and form diploid zygotes. The zygotes mature into adults, which live for many years. Eventually the adults produce gametes and the cycle repeats. What type of life cycle does this organism have? Explain your answer.
    3. Which life cycle is the simplest? Why?
    4. Describe the alternation of generations life cycle.
    2.40: Reproductive Life Cycles (2024)

    FAQs

    2.40: Reproductive Life Cycles? ›

    S e xual reproduction occurs in a c ycle. Diploid parents produce haploid gametes that unit e and develop into diploid adults, which repeat the cycle. This series of life stages and events that a sexually reproducing organism goes through is called its life cycle.

    What is the reproductive life cycle? ›

    The reproductive lifecycle ushers in a variety of changes for women. The biological progression from childhood into puberty and on through to menopause is dependent upon an intricate balance of a number of physiological processes resulting in modulations of the reproductive hormones.

    What is a diploid life cycle? ›

    1: Diploid-Dominant Life Cycle: In animals, sexually-reproducing adults form haploid gametes from diploid germ cells. Fusion of the gametes gives rise to a fertilized egg cell, or zygote. The zygote will undergo multiple rounds of mitosis to produce a multicellular offspring.

    What are the three major reproductive cycles? ›

    Types of sexual life cycles: diploid-dominant, haploid-dominant, and alternation of generations.

    What are the different types of reproductive cycles? ›

    The ovarian cycle consists of three phases: follicular (preovulatory) phase, ovulation, and luteal (postovulatory) phase, whereas the uterine cycle is divided into menstruation, proliferative (postmenstrual) phase and secretory (premenstrual) phase.

    What are the 4 common stages of life cycles? ›

    Birth, growth, reproduction and death represent the four stages of the life cycle of all animals.

    What is the normal reproductive life in a human female? ›

    Females have a reproductive phase of usually 35-45 years between menarche and menopause. Menarche is the beginning of the reproductive phase whereas menopause is the end.

    Is sperm haploid or diploid? ›

    Human gametes (egg and sperm cells) are haploid, containing 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome.

    Which stages are diploid or haploid? ›

    During meiosis I, the cell is diploid because the hom*ologous chromosomes are still located within the same cell membrane. Only after the first cytokinesis, when the daughter cells of meiosis I are fully separated, are the cells considered haploid.

    What is an example of a life cycle? ›

    A life cycle is the series of stages of life for an organism, beginning with life and ending with death. An example would be the life cycle of a bird. A bird's life cycle consists of four main stages, which include 1) egg, 2) hatchling, 3) fledgling, and 4) adult.

    What is the male reproductive cycle? ›

    The process begins at puberty, after which time sperm are produced constantly throughout a man's life. One production cycle, from spermatogonia through formed sperm, takes approximately 64 days. A new cycle starts approximately every 16 days, although this timing is not synchronous across the seminiferous tubules.

    What are the three types of life cycles? ›

    There are three types of life cycles: Haplontic life cycle, Diplontic life cycle and Haplodiplontic life cycle.

    What has a 3 stage life cycle? ›

    3 stage life cycle (incomplete metamorphosis). The three stages are egg, nymph, adult. When the young hatches they look similar to the adults except they are smaller, and don't have wings. Examples of insects with a 3 stage life cycle include: True bugs, dragonflies, grasshoppers, crickets and earwigs.

    What is the diploid life cycle? ›

    Organisms with a diploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as diploid adults. When they are ready to reproduce, they undergo meiosis and produce haploid gametes. Gametes then unite in fertilization and form a diploid zygote, which immediately enters G1 of the cell cycle. Next, the zygote's DNA is replicated.

    What are the 4 stages of the reproductive cycle? ›

    The menstrual cycle has four phases: menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase. Some women may experience menstrual problems (e.g. heavy bleeding). Talk to your GP (doctor) if you are worried about your period.

    What is the basic reproductive cycle? ›

    A menstrual cycle begins when you get your period or menstruate. This is when you shed the lining of your uterus. This cycle is part of your reproductive system and prepares your body for a possible pregnancy. A typical cycle lasts between 24 and 38 days.

    What is the reproductive cycle summary? ›

    Summary. The menstrual cycle is complex and controlled by many different glands and the hormones that these glands produce. The four phases of the menstrual cycle are menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase.

    What is the reproductive cycle in detail? ›

    bicycle, two-wheeled steerable machine that is pedaled by the rider's feet. On a standard bicycle the wheels are mounted in-line in a metal frame, with the front wheel held in a rotatable fork. The rider sits on a saddle and steers by leaning and turning handlebars that are attached to the fork.

    What is human reproductive cycle? ›

    The human female reproductive system

    Egg release (ovulation) occurs approximately every 28 days as part of a larger process called the menstrual cycle. If an egg is fertilized after ovulation, it attaches to the wall of the uterus and embryonic development begins.

    What is the life process of reproduction? ›

    Reproduction. The biological process of reproducing their own offspring determines the continuity of species, generation after generation. The basic types of reproduction are sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual Reproduction: The process of reproducing their own offspring by the involvement of the two parents.

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